Qasam khaane ke Ehkaam

2628. Jab koi shakhs qasam khaye keh falan kaam anjaam degaa ya tark karegaa maslan qasam khaye keh roza rakhegaa ya tambaakoo ko iste’maal nahin karegaa to agar ba’d mein jaan bhoojh kar oos qasam ke khilaaf a’mal kare to woh goonaah gaar hai aur zaruri hai keh kaffara de y’ani ek ghulaam aazad kare ya das faqeeron ko pait bhar kar khaana khilaye ya oonhein poshaak pehnaaye aur agar oon a’maal ko baja na la sakta ho to zaruri hai kegh teen din musalsal roze rakhe.

2629. Qasam ki chand shartein hain:

(1) Jo shakhs qasam khaaye zaruri hai keh woh baaligh aur a’qil ho neiz apne iraade aur ikhtayaar se qasam khaaye. Lehaaza bachche, deewaane, behawaas aur oos shakhs ka qasam khaana jise majboor kiya gaya ho durust nahin hai aur agar koi shakhs jazbaat mein aa kar bila iraada ya be ikhtayaar qasam khaaye to oos ke liye bhi yahi hukm hai.

(2) (Qasam khaane wala) jis kaam ke anjaam dene ki qasam khaaye, zaruri hai keh woh haraam ya makruh na ho aur jis kaam ke tark karne ki qasam khaaye, zaruri hai keh woh waajib ya mustahab na ho aur agar koi mubaah kaam karne ya na karne ki qasam khaaye to agar aqla’ ki nazr mein oos kaam ko anjaam denaa ya oos ko tark karna behtar ho ya oos kaam mein qasam khaane waale ke liye koi dooniyaawi masslihat ho to oos ki qasam sahi hai.

(3) (Qasam khaane wala) Allah ta’ala ke naamon mein se kisi aise naam ki qasam khaaye jo oos zaat ke siwaaye kisi aur keliye iste’maal na hota ho maslan Khuda aur Alaah – ya Allah kli aisii safaat au raise afa’al se qasam khaaye jo sirf oosi ke saathh khaas hain. Maslan kahe: “oos zaat ki qasam! Jis ne aasmaano aur zameen ko paida kiya” – aur agar aise naam ki qasam khaaye jo Allah ki zaat ke siwaye kisi aur ke liye bhi iste’maal hota hai laikin Allah ta’ala ke liye ootni kasrat se iste’maal ho keh jab bhi koi woh naam le to Khuda-e-buzurg wa barter ki zaat hi zehan mein aatii ho. Maslan agar koi khaliq aur raziq ki qasam khaaye to bhi qasam sahi hai. Balkeh agar kisi aise naam ki qasam khaaye keh jab oos naam ko qasam khaane ke maqaam mein iste’maal kiya jaaye to zaat haq hi zehan mein aatii ho maslan sama’e aur baser (ki qasam khaaye) tab bhi oos ki qasam sahi hai.

(4) (Qasam khaane wala) qasam ke alfaaz zabaan par laaye. Laikin agar goonga shakhs ishaare se qasam khaaye to sahi hai. Aur oosi tarah woh shakhs jo baat karne par qaadir na ho agar qasam ko likhe aur dil mein niyyat kar le to kaafi hai. Balkeh jo bol sakta hai woh bhi agar likhe to ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par oos par a’mal kiya jaye.

(5) (Qasam khaane waale ke liye) qasam par a’mal karna mumkin ho. Agar qasam khaane ke vaqt oos ke liye oos par a’mal karna mumkin na ho laikin ba’d mein mumkin ho jaaye to kaafi hai. Aur agar qasam khaate vaqt mumkin ho ba’d mein oos par a’mal karne se a’ajiz ho jaaye to jis vaqt se a’ajiz hoga oos vaqt se oos ki qasam ka l’adam ho jayega. Agar qasam par a’mal karne se itnii masshaqqat uuthhani pade jo oos ki bardasht se baahar ho to oos suurat mein bhi yahi hukm hai. Agar yeh a;jaz iis ikhtayaar se ho ya baghair ikhtayaar ke, agar takheer ke vaqt ke a’itbaar se oos ka koi a’zr na ho to oos ne goonaah kiya aur oos par kaffara waajib hai.

2630. Agar baap bete ko, ya shauhar, biwi ko qasam khaane se roke to oon ki qasam sahi nahin hai.

2631. Agar beta, baap ki ijaazat ke baghair aur biwi, shauhar ki ijaazat ke baghair qasam khaaye to baap aur shauhar oon ki qasam faskh kar sakta hain.

2632. Agar insaan bhool kar ya majboori ki wajah se ya ghaflat ki bina par qasam par a’mal na kare to oos par kaffara waajib nahin hai. Aur agar oose majboor kiya jaaye keh qasam par a’mal na kare tab bhi yahi hukm hai. Agar wahi qasam khaaye maslan yeh kahe keh wallah! Main abhi namaaz mein masshghul hota hoon aur vaham ki wajah se masshghul na ho to agar oos ka vaham aisaa ho keh oos ki wajah se majboor ho kar qasam par a’mal na kare to oos par kaffara nahin hai.

2633. Agar koi shakhs qasam khaaye keh main jo kuchh kah raha hoon sach kah raha hoon to agar woh sach kah raha hai to oos ka qasam khaana makruh hai aur agar jhoot bol raha hai to haraam hai. Balkeh maqaddmaat kef aisle ke vaqt jhooti qasam khaana kabeerah goonaah mein se hai laikin agar woh apne aap ko ya kisi dusre musalmaan ko kisi zaalim ke sar se nijaat dilaane ke liye jhooti qasam khaaye to oos mein ishkaal nahin balkeh ba’az auqaat aisii qasam khaana waajib ho jata hai. Taaham agar tauriya karna mumkin ho aur oos taraf tawajjo rakh bhi sakta hai to ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh tauriya kare. (Y’ani qasam khaate vaqt qasam ke alfaaz ke zahiri mafhum ko chod kar dusre matlab ki niyyat kare aur jo matlab oos ne liya hai oos ko zahir na kare) maslan agar koi zaalim kisi ko aziyat denaa chahe aur kisi dusre shakhs se puchhe keh kyat um ne falan shakhs ko dekha hai? Aur oos ne oos shakhs ko ek minute qabl dekhaa ho to woh kahe keh main ne oose nahin dekha aur qasd yeh kare keh oos vaqt se paanch minute pahle mein oose nahin dekha.