2101. Do aadmi agar baaham tay Karen keh apne mushtar keh maal se baiopaar kar ke jo kuchh nafa’ kamaye ge oose aapas mein taqseem kar lenge aur woh a’rbi ya kisi dusri zabaan mein sharakat ka segha padhein ya koi aisa kaam Karen jis se zaahir hota ho keh woh ek dusre ke shareek banna chahte hain to oon ki sharakat sahi hai.
2102. Agar chand ashkhaas oos mazdoori mein jo woh apni mehnat se hasil karte hone k dusre ke saathh sharakat Karen maslan chand hajjam aapas mein tay Karen keh jo ujrat hasil hogi oose aapas mein taqseem kar leinge to oon ki sharakat sahi nahin hai. Laikin agar baaham tay Karen keh maslan hsr ek ki aadhii mazdoori ma’yyin muddat tak ke liye dusre ki aadhii mazdoori ke badle mein hogii to ma’amla sahi hai aur oon mein se har ek dusre ki mazdoori mein shareek hoga.
2103. Agar do ashkhaas aapas mein iis tarah sharakat Karen keh oon se har ek apni pasand se jins khareede aur wahi oos ki qimat ki adayegii ka zimmedaar ho laikin jo jins don one khareedi ho oos ke nafa’ mein ek dusre ke saathh shareek hon to aisii sharakat sahi nahin hai, albatta agar oon mein se har ek dusre ko apna vakeel banaye keh jo kuchh woh uudhaar le raha hai oos mein oose shareek kar le y’ani jins ko apne aur apne hissedaar ke liye khareede jis ki bina par dono maqruz ho jayen to dono mein se har ek jins mein shareek ho jayegaa.
2104. Jo ashkhaas sharakat ke zariye ek dusre ke shareek ban jayen oon ke liye zaruri hai keh baaligh aur a’qil hon. Neiz yeh keh iraade aur ikhtayaar ke saathh sharakat Karen aur yeh bhi zaruri hai keh woh apne maal mein tasarruf kar sakte hon. Lehaaza safiya – jo apna maal fazool kaamon mein kharch karta hai – apne maal mein tasarruf ka haq nahin rakhta. Agar woh kisi ke saathh sharakat kare to sahi nahin hai.
2105. Agar sharakat ke m’ahede mein yeh shart lagayee jaye keh jo shakhs kaam karegaa ya jo dusre shareek se zayada kaam karegaa ya jis ka kaam ki dusre ke kaam ke muqaable mein zayada ehmiyat hai oose moonafa’ mein zayada hissa milegaa to zaruri hai keh jaisa tay kiya gaya ho mut’alqa shakhs ko oosi ke mutabiq den. Aur isii tarah agar shart lagayee jaye keh jo shakhs kaam nahi kahegaa ya zayada kaam ya jis ke kaam ki dasr eke kaam muqaable mein zayada ehmiyat nahin hai oose moonaf’e ka zayada hissa milega tab bhi shart sahi hai aur zaruri hai keh jot ay kiya gaya ho mut’alqa shakhs ko oosi ke mutabiq den.
2106. Agar shirka’ tay Karen keh saara moonafa’ kisi ek shakhs ka hoga ya saara nuqsaan kisi ek ko bardasht karna hoga to sharakat sahi hone mein ishkaal hai.
2107. Agar shirka’ yeh tay na Karen keh kisi ek shareek ko zayada moonafa’ milegaa, to agar oon mein se har ek ka sarmaya ek jitna ho to nafa’ wa nuqsaan bhi oon ke maabeen barabar taqseem hoga aur oon ka sarmaya barabar barabar na ho to zaruri hai keh nafa’ wa nuqsaan sarmaye ki nisbat se taqseem Karen. Maslan agar do afraad sharakat Karen aur ek ka sarmaya dusre ke sarmaye se dogoona ho to nafa’ wa nuqsaan mein bhi oos ka hissa dusre se dogoona hoga khawah dono ek jitna kaam karen ya ek thoda kaam kare ya bilul kaam na kare.
2108. Agar sharakat ke ma’hede mein yeh tay Karen keh dono shareek nil kar kharee o farokht karenge ya har ek anfaradi taur par lain dain karne ka majaaz hoga ya oon mein se faqt ek shakhs lain dain karegaa ya teesra shakhs ujrat par lain dain karegaa to zaruri hai keh oos ma’ahede par a’mal Karen.
2109. Sharakat do qism ki hai: Ek sharakat azni (jo ijaazat par bani hai) aur woh yeh hai keh maal tijaarat tamaam shirka’ ki mushtarak milkiyat ho. Dusri sharakat ma’awazi hai. Yeh iis tarah hai keh har shareek apne maal ko sharakat ke liye haazir kare aur oon mein se har ek apne nisf maal ko dusre ke nisf maal ka mu’awaza qaraar de. Agar sharakat daar apne shirka’ mein se kisi ek ko oos sarmaye ke zariye khareed o farokht ke liye ma’yyin na Karen to sharakat ki iis qism mein jo ijaazat par bani hai shirka’ mein se koi bhi dasron ki ijaazat ke baghair oos sarmaye se khareed o farokht nahin kar sakta. Laikin sharakat mu’awazi mein agar iis tarah kaam Karen keh nuqsaan na ho to ek khareed o farokht kar sakta hai.
2110. Jo sharakat ke sarmaye par ikhtayaar rakhta ho oos ke liye zaruri hai keh sharakat ke mu’haide par a’mal kare. Maslan agar oos se tay kiya gaya ho keh uudhaar khareedega ya naqd bechega ya kisi khaas jagah se khareedega to jo mu’haida tay paya hai ooske mutabiq a’mal karna zaruri hai. Agar ooske saathh kuchh tay na hua ho to zaruri hai keh khareedi ke usool ke mutabiq imaandaari se iis tarah lain dain kare keh sharakat ko nuqsaan na ho.
2111. Jo sharakat ke sarmaye se saude karta ho agar jo kuchh oos ke saathh tay kiya gaya ho oos ke barkhilaaf khareed o farokht kare ya agar kuchh tay na kiya gaya ho aur ma’mool ke khilaaf sauda jare to oon dono suuraton mein agarche aquwi qaul ke bina par ma’amla sahi hai laikin agar ma’amla nuqsaandeh ya sharakat ke maal mein se kuchh maal za’ye ho jaye to jis shareek ne mu’haide ya ma’mool ke khilaaf a’mal kiya hai woh zimmedaar hai.
2112. Jo shareek sharakat ke sarmaye se kaarobaar karta ho agar woh fazool kharchi na kare aur sarmaye ki nigaahdasht mein bhi kotaahi na kare aur phir ittefaqan oos sarmaye ki kuchh miqdaar ya saare ka saara sarmaya talf ho jaye to woh zimmedaar nahin hai.
2113. Jo shareek sharakat ke sarmaye se kaarobaar karta ho agar woh kahe keh sarmaya talf ho gaya hai to agar woh dusre shirka’ ke nazdeek mo’etbar shakhs ho to zaruri hai keh oos ka kahna maal le aur agar dusre shirka’ ke nazdeek woh mo’etbar shakhs na ho to shirka’ hakim shar’a ke paas oos ke khilaaf dawa’ kar sakte hain takeh hakim shar’a qazawat ke usoolon ke mutabiq tanaze’e ka faisla kare.
2114. Agar sharakat azni mein tamaam shareek iis ijaazat se jo oonh one ek dusre ko maal mein tasarruf ke liye de rakhi ho phir jayen to oon mein se koi bhi sharakat ke maal mein tasarruf nahin kar sakta. Laikin jo shakhs apni di huyee ijaazat se phir gaya ho woh sharakat ke maal mein tassarruf kar sakta hai. Aur behar haal maal mein sab ki sharakat oosi tarah baaqi rahegi.
2115. Sharakat azni mein jab shirka’ mein se koi ek taqaza kare keh sharakat ka sarmaya taqseem kar diya jaye to agarche sharakat ke ma’yyina muddat mein bhi kuchh vaqt baaqi ho to dasron ko oos ka kahna maan lena zaruri hai magar yeh keh oonhone pahle hi (mo’haida karte vaqt) sarmaye ki taqseem ko rad kar diya ho (y’ani qabool na kiya ho) ya maal ki taqseem shirka’ ke liye qabil zikr nuqsaan ka maujab ho (to oos ki baat qabool nahin karni chahiye).
2116. Sharakat azni mein agar shirka’ mein se koi mar jaye ya deewana ya behawaas ho jaye to dusre shirka’ sharakat ke maal mein tasarruf nahin kar sakte aur agar oon mein se koi safia ho jaye y’ani apna maal fazool kaamon mein kharch kare to oos ka bhi yahi hukm hai.
2117. Agar shareek apne liye koi cheez uudhaar khareede to oos nafa’ wa nuqsaan ka woh khud zimmedaar hai. Laikin agar sharakat ke liye khareede aur sharakat ke mo’haide mein uudhaar ma’amla karna bhi shamil ho to phir nafa’ wa nuqsaan mein dono shareek honge.
2118. Agar shirka’ mein se koi ek sharakat ke sarmaye se koi sauda kare aur ba’d mein ma’loom ho keh sharakat batil thhi to agar suurat yeh ho keh ma’amla karne ki ijaazat mein sharakat ke sahi hone ki qaid na thhi y’ani agar shirka’ jaante hote keh sharakat durust nahin hai tab bhi woh ek dusre ke maal mein tasarruf par raazi thhe to ma’amla sahi hai aur jo kuchh oos ma’amle se haasil ho woho on sab ka maal hai. Agar aisa na ho to oos suurat mei keh jo log dasron ke tasarruf par raazi nahin thhe, yeh kah dein keh ham oos ma’amle par raazi hain to ma’amla sahi hai warna batil hai. Har suurat mein iin mein se jis ne bhi sharakt ke liye kaam kiya ho agar oos ne bila mu’awaza kaam karne ke iraade se na kiya ho to woh apni mehnat ka mu’awaza ma’mool ke mutabiq dusre shirka’ se oon ke mafaad ka khayaal rakhte huye le sakta hai. Laikin agar kaam karne ka mua’waza oos faide ki miqdaar se zayada ho jo woh sharakat sahi hone ki suurat mein leta to woh bas oosi qadr faida le sakta hai.
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