A’riya ke Ehkaam

2304. “A’riya” se muraad yeh hai keh insaan apna maal dusre ko de takeh woh oos maal se istefada kare. Aur oos ke a’uz oos se koi cheez na le.

2305. A’riya mein degha padhna laazim nahin aur agar misaal ke taur par koi shakhs kisi ko lebaas a’riya ke qasad se de aur woh bhi oosi qasad se le to a’riya sahi hai.

2306. Ghasbi cheez ya oos ko bataur a’riya dena jo keh a’riya dene waale ka maal ho laikin oos ka faida oos ne kisi dusre shakhs ke supurd kar diya ho maslan oose kiraaye par de rakha ho, iis suurat mein sahi hai jab ghasbi cheez ka maalik ya woh shakhs jis ne a’riya di jaane waali cheez ko bataur ijaara le rakha ho oos ke bataur a’riya dene par raazi ho.

2307. Jis cheez ki manfa’t kisi shakhs ke supurd ho maslan oos cheez ko kiraaye par le rakha ho to oose bataur a’riya de sakta hai. Magar yeh keh aqd ijaara mein yeh shart rakhi ho keh oose khud hi iste’maal karegaa (to oos cheez ko bataur a’riya nahin de sakta) aur pahli suurat mein ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par maalik ki ijaazat ke baghair oos shakhs ke hawaale nahin kar sakta jis ne oose bataur a’riya diya hai.

2308. Agar deewana, bachcha, diwaaliya ya safia apna maal a’riyatan de to sahi nahin hai. Laikin agar (oon mein se kisi ka) sarparast a’riya dene ki masslihat samajhta ho aur jis shakhs ka woh sarparast hai oos ka maal a’riyatan de to oos mein koi ishkaal nahin. Isii tarah jis shakhs ne maal a’riyatan liya ho oos tak maal pohoonchane ke liye bachcha wasila bane to koi ishkaal nahin.

2309. A’riyatan lee huyee cheez ki tanghedasht mein kotaahi na kare aur iis mein najayez tasarruf bhi na kare aur ittefaqan woh cheez talf ho jaaye to woh shakhs zimmedaar nahin hai. Laikin agar tarfain aapas mein yeh shart kare keh agar woh cheez talf ho jaaye to a’riyatan lene wala zimmedaar hoga ya jo cheez a’riyatan lee ho woh sonaa chaandi ho to oos ka a’uz dena zaruri hai.

2310. Agar koi shakhs sona chaandi a’riyatan le aur yeh tay liya ho keh agar talf ho gaya ho to zimme daar nahin hoga phir talf ho jaaye to woh shakhs zimme daar nahin hai.

2311. Agar a’riya par dene wala mar jaaye to a’riya par lene waale ke liye zaruri hai keh jo tariqa amaanat ke maalik ke faut ho jaane ki suurat mein massla 2300 mein batay gaya hai oosi mutabiq a’ml kare.

2312. Agar a’riya dene waale ki kaifiyat yeh ho keh woh shar’an apne maal mein na tasarruf kar saktamaslan deewana ya behosh ho jaaye to a’riya lene waale ke liye zaruri hai keh oosi tariqe ke mutabiq a’ml kare jo massla 2294 mein amaanat ke baare mein iis massle se milta julta bayaan kiya gaya hai.

2313. Jis shakhs ne koi cheez a’riyatan di ho woh jab bhi chahe oose mansuukh kar sakta hai aur jis ne koi cheez a’riyatan lee ho woh bhi jab chahe oose mansuukh kar sakta hai.

2314. Kisi aisii cheez ka a’riyatan dena jis se halaal istefaida na ho sakta ho maslan qamaar b’azi ke aalaat aur khaane peene mein iste’maal karne ke liye sone aur chaandi ke bartan a’riyatan dena balkeh ehtayaa-e-laazim ki bina par har qism ke iste’maal ke liye a’riyatan dena batil hai. Albatta aarayish ke liyec a’riyatan dena jayez hai.

2315. Bhed (bakrion) ko oon ke dhoodh aur uoon se istefaida karne ke liye neiz haiwaan ko mada haiwaanaat ke sathh milaap ke liye a’riyatan dena sahi hai.

2316. Agar kisi cheez ko a’riyatan lene wala oose oos ke maalik ya maalik ke vakeel ya sarparast ko de de aur oos ke b’ad woh cheez talf ho jaaye to oos cheez ko a’riyatan lene wala zimme daar nahin hai. Laikin agar woh maal ke maalik ya oos ke vakeel ya saparast ki ijaazat ke baghair maal ko khawah aisii jagah le jaaye jahan maal ka maalik oose amuman le jata ho maslan ghode ko oos astabal mein baandh de jo oos ke maalik ne oos ke liye tayyar kiya ho aur b’ad mein ghoda talf ho jaaye ya koi oose talf kar de to a’riyatan lene wala zimme daar hai.

2317. Agar ek shakhs koi najis cheez a’riyatan de to oos suurat mein oose chahiye keh jaisa massle2014 mein guzar chuuka hai – oos cheez ke najis hone ke baare mein a’riyatan lene waale shakhs ko bata de.

2318. Jo cheez kisi shakhs ne a’riyatan lee ho oose oos ke maalik ki ijaazat ke baghair kisi dusre ko kiraaye par a’riyatan nahin de sakta.

2319. Jo cheez kisi shakhs ne a’riyatan lee ho oose oos ke maalik ki ijaazat se kisi aur shakhs ko a’riyatan de de to agar jis shakhs ne pahle woh cheez a’riyatan lee ho mar jaaye ya deewana ho jaaye to dasra a’riya batil nahin hota.

2320. Agar koi shakhs jaanta ho keh jo maal oos ne a’riyatan liya hai woh ghasbi hai to zaruri hai keh woh maal oos ke maalik ko pohooncha de aur woh oose a’riyatan dene waale ko nahin de sakta.

2321. Agar koi shakhs aisaa maal a’riyatan le jis ke mut’aliq jaanta ho keh woh ghasbi hai aur oos se faida uuthhaye aur oos ke hathh se woh maal talf ho jaaye to maalik oos maal ka a’uz aur jo faida a’riyatan lene waale ne uuthhaya hai oos ka a’uz oos se ya jis ne maal ghasb kiya ho oos se talab kar sakta hai. Aur agar maalik a’riyatan lene waale se a’uz le le to a’riyatan lene wala jo kuchh maalik ko de oos ka muataleba a’riyatan dene waale se nahin kar sakta.

2322. Agar kisi shakhs ko yeh m’aloom na ho keh oos ne jo maal a’riyatan liya hai woh ghasbi hai aur oos ke paas hote huye woh maal talf ho jaaye to agar maal ka maalik oos ka a’uz oos se le le to woh bhi jo kuchh maal ke maalik ko diya ho oos ka mutaleba a’riyatan dene waale se kar sakta hai. Laikin agar oos ne jo cheez a’riyatan lee ho woh sonaa ya chaandi ho ya bataur a’riya dene waale ne oos se shart ki ho keh agar woh cheez talf ho jaaye to woh oos ka a’uz degaa to phir oos ne maal ka jo a’uz maal ke maalik ko diya ho oos ka mutaleba a’riyatan dene waale se nahin kar sakta. Laikin agar maalik ne oos maal se istefaida ke badle koi cheez le li ho to a’riyatan dene waale se oos ka mutaleba kar sakta hai.