Wasiyat ke Ehkaam

2652. “Wasiyat” yeh hai keh insaan takeed kare keh oos ke marne ke ba’d oos ke liye falan falan kaam kiye jayen ya yeh kahe keh oos ke marne ke ba’d oos ke maal mein se koi cheez fa;an shakhs ki malkiyat hogi ya oos ke maal mein se koi cheez kisi shakhs ki malkiyat mein de di jaaye ya khairaat ki jaaye ya umoor khairaya par kharch ki jaaye ya apni aulaad ke liye aur jo log oos ki kafaliyat mein ho noon ke liye kisi ko nigraan aur sarparast muqarrar kare aur jis shakhs ko wasiyat ki jaaye oose “wasiyat” kahte hain.

2653. Jo shakhs bol na sakta ho agar woh ishaare se apna maqsad samjha de to woh har kaam ke liye wasiyat kar sakta hai balkeh jo shakhs bol sakta ho agar woh bhi iis tarah ishaare se wasiyat kare keh oos ka maqsad samajh mein aa jaaye to wasiyat sahi hai.

2654. Agar aisii tehreer mil jaaye jis par marne waale ke dastakhat ya mohur sibt ho agar oos tehreer se oos ka maqsad samajh mein aa jaaye aur pata chal jaaye keh yeh cheez oos ne wasiyat ki gharz se likhi hai to oos ke mutabiq a’mal karna chahiye.

2655. Jo shakhs wasiyat kare zaruri hai keh baaligh aur a’aqil ho, safia na ho aur apne ikhtayaar se wasiyat kare. Lehaaza naabaligh bachche ka wasiyat karna sahi nahin hai. Magar yeh keh bachcha das saal ka ho aur oos ne apne ristedaaron ke liye wasiyat ki ho ya a’am khairaat mein kharch karne ki wasiyat ki ho to oon dono suuraton mein oos ki wasiyat sahi hai. Agar apne ristedaaron ke a’lawa kisi dusre ke liye wasiyat kare ya saat saala bachcha wasiyat kare keh “oos ke amwaal mein se thodi si cheez kisi shakhs ke liye hai ya kisi shakhs ko de di jaaye” to wasiyat ka nafiz hona ishkaal hai pas zaruri hai keh ehtayaat ka klhayaal rakha jaaye. Aur agar koi shakhs safia ho to oos ki wasiyat oos ke amwaal mein nafiz nahin hai. Leikin oo ke a’lawa dusre umoor mein nafiz hai. Maslan aise umoor mein jo oos ki tajheez wa takfeen se muta’aliq hain.

2656. Jis shakhs ne khudkhudi ka iraad akar ke maslan apne aap ko zakhmi kar liya ho ya zehar khaa liya ho keh jo halakat ka sabab hai, agar woh wasiyat kare keh oos ke maal ki kuchh miqdaar kisi makhsus musarraf mein layee jaaye aur oos ke ba’d woh mar jaaye to oos ki wasiyat sahi nahin hai. Magar yeh keh oos ki maut Allah ki raah mein jehaad karne ki wajah se ho (to wasiyat sahi hai) laikin ghair maali umoor mein oos ki wasiyat sahi hai.

2657. Agar koi shakhs wasiyat kare keh oos ki amlaak mein se koi cheez klisi dusre ka maal hogi to oos suurat mein jabkeh woh dasra shakhs wasiyat ko qabool kar le khawah oos ka qabool karna wasiyat kare waale ki zindagi mein ho khawah oos ke marne ke ba’d, to eo cheez “moosi” ki maut ke ba’d oos ki malkiyat ho jaayegi, bashart yeh hai keh woh cheez oos ke turke 1/3 se zayada na ho.

2658. Jab insaan apne aap mein maut ki nishaniyan dekh le zaruri hai keh logon ki amanatein fauran oon ke maalikon ko waapas kar de ya oonhaien itla’ de de. Iis tafseel ke mutabiq jo massle 2302 mein bayaan ho chuki hai. Agar woh logon ka maqruz ho aur qarze ki adaayegi ka vaqt na aaya ho ya aa gaya hoa aur qarz khawah apne qarze ka mutalba na kar raha ho ya kar raha ho agar woh khud qarza adaa karne ke qabil na ho to zaruri hai keh aisaa kaam kare jis se itminaan ho jaaye keh oos ka qarz oos ki maut ke ba’d qarz khawah ko adaa kar diya jaayega. Maslan oos suurat mein keh ooske qarze ka kisi dusre ko ilm na ho woh wasiyat kare aur gawahon ke saamne wasiyat kare. Leikin agar qarz ki adaayegi kar sakta ho aur vaqt ho chuuka ho aur qarzdaar mutaalba kar le to fauran adaa kare agar che maut ke aasaar bhi na dekhe.

2659. Jo shakhs apne aap mein maut ki nishaaniyan dekh raha ho agar zakaat khums aur mazalim oos ke zimme hon aur woh oonhain oos vaqt adaa na kar sakta ho leikin oo ke paas maal ho ya iis baat ka ehtemaal ho keh koi dasra shakhs ynhein adaa kar degaa to zaruri hai keh aisaa kaam kare jis se itminaan ho jaaye keh oos ke marne ke ba’d ada kar diye jayenge. Maslan kisi qabil ai’tmaad shakhs ko wasiyat kar de aur agar oos par hajj waajib ho aur khud na’eb muqarrar na kar sakta ho to oos ka bhi yahi hukm hai. Leikin agar woh shakhs oos vaqt apne shara’ee waajiebaat adaa kar sakta ho, to zaruri hai keh fauran adaa kare agarche woh apne aap mein maut ki nishaaniyan na dekhe.

2660. Jo shakhs apne aap mein maut ki nishaaniyan dekh raha ho agar oos ki namaazein aur roze qaza huye hon to zaruri hai keh aisaa kaam kare jis se itminaan ho jaaye keh oos ke marne ke ba’d oos ki taraf se adaa kar diye jayenge. Maslan wasiyat kar de keh oos ke maal se oon abadaat ki adaayegi ke liye kisi ko ajeer banaya jaaye balkeh agar oos ke paas maal na ho leikin iis baat ka ehtemaal ho keh koi shakhs bila mu’awadha yeh ibaadaat baja laayega tab bhi oos par waajib hai keh wasiyat kare leikin agar oos ka apna koi ho maslan bada ladka ho aur woh shakhs jaanta ho keh agar oose khabar di jaayegi to woh oos ki qaza namaazein aur roze baja laayega to oose khabar denaa hi kaafi hai, wasiyat karna laazim nahin.

2661. Jo shakhs apne aap mein maut ki nishaaniyan dekh raha ho agar oos ka maal kisi ke paas ho ya aisii jagah chhipaa ho jiska wirsa ko ilm na ho to zaruri hai keh oonhein itla’ deaur yeh laazim nahin keh woh apne naabaligh bachchon ke liye nigraan aur sarparast muqarrar kare laikin iis suurat mein jabkeh nigraan ka na honaa maal ke talf hone ka sabab ho ya khud bachchon ke liye nuqsaandeh ho to zaruri hai keh oon ke liye ek ameen nigraan muqarrar kare.

2662. Wasi ka a’aqil honaa zaruri hai. Niez khud umoor moosi se muta’aliq hain aur isii tarah ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par khud umoor dasron se muta’aliq hain zaruri hai keh wasi oon ke baare mein mutma’een ho aur zaruri hai keh musalmaan ka wasi bhi ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par musalmaan ho. Agar moosi faqt naabaligh bachche ke liye iis maqsad se wasiyat kare keh woh bachpan mein sarparast se ujaarat liye baighair tasarruf kar sake to ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par yeh sahi nahin hai. Aur zaruri hai keh oos ka tasarruf haakime shara’ee ki ijaazat se ho. Leikin agar moosi ka maqsad yeh ho keh baaligh hone ke ba’d ya sarparast ki ijaazat se tasarruf kare to koi ishkaal nahin hai.

2663. Agar koi shakhs kayee logon ko apna wasi mo’yyin kare to agar oos ne ijaazat di hai keh oon mein se har ek tanha wasiyat par a’mal kar sata hai to laazim nahin keh woh wasiyat anjaam dene mein ek dusre se ijaazat len. Aur agar wasiyat karne waale ne aisii koi ijaazat na di ho to khawah oos ne kaha ho keh sab mil kar wasiyat par a’mal Kare, oonhein chahiye keh ek dusre ki raaye ke mutabiq wasiyat par a’mal Kare aur agar woh mil kar wasiyat par a’mal karne par tayyar na hon aur mil kar a’mal na karne mein koi shar’ee azr na ho to haakime shara’ee oonhein aisaa karne par majboor kar sakta hai. Aur agar woh haakime shara’ee ka hukm na maane ya mil kar a’mal na karne ka oon ke paas koi shara’ee azr ho to woho on mein se kisi ek ki jagah koi aur wasi muqarrar kar sakta hai.

2664. Agar koi shakhs apni wasiyat se moonharraf ho jaaye maslan pahle woh yeh kahe keh oos ke maal ta teesraa hissa falan shakhs ko diya jaaye aur ba’d mein kahe keh oose na diya jaaye to wasiyat ka la’dam ho jaati hai. Aur agar koi shakhs apni wasiyat mein tabdeeli kar de maslan pahle ek shakhs ko apne bachchon ka nigraan muqarrar kare aur ba’d mein oos ki jagah kisi dusre shakhs ko nugraan muqarrar kar de to oos ki pahli wasiyat ka la’dam ho jaati hai aur zaruri hai keh oos ki dusri wasiyat par a’mal kiya jaaye.

2665. Agar ek shakhs koi aisaa kaam kare jis se pata chale keh woh apni wasiyat se moonharraf ho gaya hai maslan jis makaan ke baare mein wasiyat ki ho keh woh kisi ko diya jaaye oose bech de ya pahli wasiyat ko pesh nezr rakhte huye kisi dusre shakhs ko oose bechne ke liye vaqeel muqarrar kar de to wasiyat ka’dam ho jaati hai.

2666. Agar koi shakhs wasiyat kare keh ek mo’yyin cheez kisi shakhs ko di jaaye aur ba’d mein wasiyat kare keh oos cheez ka nasb hissa kisi aur shakhs ko diya jaaye to zaruri hai keh (oos cheez ke do hisse kiye jayen aur) oon dono ashkhaas mein se har ek ko ek hissa diya jaaye.

2667. Agar koi shakhs aise marz ki haalat mein jis marz se woh mar jaaye apne maal ki kuchh miqdaar kisi shakhs ki bakhash aur wasiyat kare keh mere marne ke ba’d maal ki kuchh miqdaar kisi aur shakhs ko bhhi di jaaye to agar oos maal ka teesra hissa dono maal ke liye kaafi na ho aur wirsa bhi teesre hisse se zayada miqdaar ki ijaazat dene par tayyar na hon to zaruri hai keh pahle jo maal oos ne bakhsha hai woh teesre hisse se de de aur oos ke ba’d jo maal baaqi bache woh wasiyat ke mutabiq kharch kare.

2668. Agar koi shakhs wasiyat kare keh oos ke maal ka teesra hissa becha jaaye aur oos ki aamdani ek mo’yyin kaam mein kharch ki jaaye to oos ke kahne ke mutabiq a’mal karna zaruri hai.

2669. Agar koi shakhs aise marz ki haalat mein jis marz se woh mar jaaye yeh kahe keh woh itnii miqdaar mein kisi shakhs ka maqruz hai, to agar oos par yeh tohmat ho keh oos ne yeh baat wirsa ko nuqsaan pohoonachaane ke liye ki hai to zaruri hai keh jo miqdaar qarz ki oos ne mo’yyin ki hai woh oos ke maal teesre hisse se di jaaye aur agar oos par yeh tohmat na ho to oos ka iqrar nafiz hai aur qarza oos ke asal maal se adaa karna zaruri hai.

2670. Jis shakhs ko insaan wasi kare keh koi cheez oose di jaaye yeh zaruri nahin keh wasiyat karne ke vaqt woh wuzud rakhta ho lehaaza agar woh shakhs wasiyat ek se zayada maqasid ke liye samjhi jaaye to zaruri hjai keh oos maal ko kisi aise dusre kaam mein surf kiya jaaye jo wasiyat karne waale ke maqsad se zayada qareeb ho warna wirsa khud oose aapas mein taqseem kar sakte hain. Leikin agar wasiyat kare keh marne ke ba’d oos ke maal mein se koi cheez kisi shkahs ka maal hogi to agar wi shakhs wasiyat karne waale ki maut ke vaqt maujood ho agarche (aurat ke pait mein) hamal (ki suurat mein) ho keh abhi oos mein jaan na padi ho to wasiyat sahi hai warna batil hai aur jis cheez ki oos shakhs ke liye wasiyat ko gayee ho (wasiyat batil hone ki suurat mein) wirsa oose aapas mein taqseem kar sakte hain.

2671. Agar insaan ko pata chale keh klisi ne oose wasi banaya hai to agar woh wasiyat karne waale ko itla’ de de keh woh oos ki wasiyat par a’mal karne par aamada nahi hai to laazim hai keh woh oos ke marne ke ba’d oos wasiyat par a’mal kare. Leikin agar wasiyat koonda ke marne se pahle insaan ko yeh pata na chale keh oos ne oose wasi banaya hai ya pata chal jaaye leikin oose yeh itla’ na de keh woh (y’ani jise wasi muqarrar kiya gaya hai) oos ki (y’ani moosi ki) wasiyat par a’mal karne par aamadah nahin hai to agar wasiyat par a’mal karne mein koi zehmat na ho to zaruri hai keh oos ki wasiyat par a’mal dar aamad kare neiz agar moosi ke marne se pahle wasi kisi vaqt oos amr ki jaanib mutawajja ho keh marz ki shiddat ki wajah se ya kisi aur azr ki bina par moosi kisi dusre shakhs ko wasiyat nahin kae sakta to ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par zaruri hai keh wasi wasiyat ko qabool kar le.

2672. Jis shakhs ne wasiyat ki ho agar woh mar jaaye to wasi ko yeh ikhtayaar nahin keh woh kisi dusre ko wasiyat ka wasi mo’yyin kare aur khud oon kaaamon se kinaara kashi ho jaaye. Laikin agar oose ilm ho keh marne waale ka maqsad yeh nahin thha keh khud wasi hi oon kaamon ko anjaam dene mein shareek ho balkeh oos ka maqsad faqt yeh thha keh kaam kar diye jayen to wasi kisi dusre shakhs ko oon kaamon ki anjaam dahi ke liye apni taraf se vaqeel muqarrar kar sakta hai.

2673. Agar koi shakhs do afraad ko ikathhe wasi banaye to agar oon dono mein ek mar jaaye ya diwaana ya kafir ho kaaye aur wasiyat ki I’barat se yeh samajh mein aaye keh ek ke faut hone par dasra mustaqil wasi hoga to zaruri hai keh oosi par a’mal kiya jaaye warna haakime shara’a oos ki jagah ek aur shakhs ko wasi muqarrar karega. Aur agar dono mar kayen ya kafir ya diwaane ho jayen to haakime shara’a do dusre ashkhaas ko oon ki jagah mo’yyin karega laikin agar ek shakhs wasiyat par a’mal kar sakta ho to do ashkhaas ka mo’yyin karna laazim nahin.

2674. Agar wasi tanha khawah waqeel muqarrar kar key a dusre ko ujrat de kar matufi ke kaam anjjaam na de sake to haakime shara’a oos ki madad ke liye ek aur shakhs muqarrar karega.

2675. Agar matufi ke maal ki kuchh miqdaar wasi ke haath se talf ho jaaye to agar wasi ne oos ki nigahdasht mein kotaahi ya ta’adi ki ho maslan agar matufi ne oose wasiyat ki ho keh maal ki itnii miqdaar falan shahar ke faqeeron ko de de aur wasi maal ko dusre shahar le jaaye aur woh raaste mein talf ho jaaye to woh zimmedaar hai aur agar oos ne kotaahi aur ta’adi na ki ho to zimmedaar nahin hai.

2676. Agar insaan kisi shakhs ko wasi muqarrar kare aur ache keh agar woh shakhs (y’ani wasi) mar jaaye to phir falan shakhs wasi hoga to jab pahla wasi mar jaaye to dusre wasi ke liye matufi ke kaam anjaam dena zaruri hai.

2677. Jo hajj matufi par waajib ho neiz qarza aur maali waajebaat maslan khums, zakaat aur mazaalim jin ka adaa karna waajib ho oonhein matufi ke asal maal se adaa karna zaruri hai agar che matufi neo on ke liye wasiyat nab hi ki ho laikin kaffaraat, nazraat aur nazr ki huyee hajj ki agar wasiyat ki hai to ek salat maaal se adaa kiye jayen.

2678. Agar matufi ka turka qarze se aur waajib hajj se aur oon shara’a waajebaat se jo oos par waajib hon maslan khums aur zakaat aur mazaalim se zayada ho to agar oos ne wasiyat ki ho keh oos ke maal ka teesra hissa ya teesre hisse ki kuchh miqdaar ek mo’yyin massarruf mein layee jaaye to oos ki wasiyat par a’mal karna zaruri hai aur agar wasiyat na ki ho to jo kuchh bache woh wirsa ka maal hai.

2679. Jo massarruf matufi ne mo’yyin kiya ho agar woh oos ke maal ke teesre hisse se zayada ho to maal ke teesre hisse se zayada ke baare mein oos ki wasiyat oos suurat mein sahi hai jab wirsa koi aisii baat ya aisaa kaam kare jis se ma’aloom ho keh oonhon ne wasiyat ke mutabiq a’mal karne ki ijaazat de di hai aur oon ka sirf raazi hona kaafi nahin hai aur agar woh wasi ki rehlat ke kuchh arse ba’d bhi ijaazat dein to sahi hai aur agar ba’az wirsa ijaazat de dein aur ba’az wasiyat ko radd kar dein to jinho ne ijaazat di ho oon ke hisso ki had tak wasiyat sahi aur nafiz hai.

2680. Jo massarruf matufi ne mo’yyin kiya ho agar oos ke maal ke teesre hisse se zayada ho to oos ki wasiyat teesre hisse se zayada mein oos suurat mein sahi hai jab oos ke wirsa ki ijaazat de dein khawah zabaan se khawah a’mal se. Aur wali razamandi kaafi nahin hai. Aur agar oos ne marne ke kuchh arse ba’d ijaazat di to sahi hai. Aur agar ba’az wirsa ijaazat dein aur ba’az rok dein to wasiyat sirf oon hisse mein sahi ahur nafiz hogi jinho ne ijaazat di hai.

2681. Agar marne wala wasiyat kare keh oos ke maal ke teesre hisse se khums aur zakaat ya koi aur qarza jo oos ke zimme ho diya jaaye aur oos ki qaza namaazon aur rozon ke liye ajeer muqarrar kiya jaaye aur koi mustahab kaam maslan faqeeron ko khaana khilaana bhi anjaam diya jaaye to zaruri hai keh pahle oos ka qarza maal ke teesre hisse se diya jaaye aur agar kuchh bach jaaye to namaazon aur rozon ke liye ajeer muqarrar kiya jaaye aur agar phir bhi kuchh bach jaaye to jo mustahab kaam oos ne mo’yyin kiya ho oos par surf kiya jaaye aur agar oos ke maal ka teesra hissa sirf oos ke qarze ke barabar ho aur wirsa bhi tihayee maal se zayada kharch karne ki ijaazat na dein to namaaz, rozon aur mustahab kaamon ke liye ki gayee wasiyat batil hai.

2682. Agar koi shakhs wasiyat kare keh oos ka qarza adaa kiya jaaye aur oos ki namaazon aur rozon ke liye ajeer muqarrar kiya jaaye aur koi mustahab kaam bhi anjaam diya jaaye to agar oos ne yeh wasiyat na ki ho keh yeh cheezein maal ke teesre hisse se di jaayen to zaruri hai keh oos ka qarza asal maal se diya jaaye aur phir jo kuchh bach jaaye oos ka teesra hissa namaa, rozon (jiasii I’badaata) aur oon mustahab kaamon ke massarruf mein laaya jaaye jo oos ne mo’yyin kiye hain. Aur oos suurat mein jabkeh teesra hissa (oon kaamon ke liye ) kaafi na hoa agar wirsa ijaazat dein to oos ki wasiyat par a’mal karna chahiye aur agar woh ijaazat na dein to namaaz aur rozon ki qaza ki ujrat maal ke teesre hisse se deni chahiye aur agar oos mein se kuchh bach jaaye to wasiyat karne waale jo mustahab kaam mo’yyin kiya ho oos par kharch karna chahiye.

2683. Agar koi kahe keh marne waale ne wasiyat ki thhi keh itnii raqam mujhe di jaaye to agar do a’adil mard oos ke qaul ki tasdeeq kar de ya woh qasam khaaye aur ek a’adil shakhs oos qaul ki tasdeeq kar de ya ek a’adil mard aur do a’adil auratein ya phir chaar a’adil auratein oos ke qaul ki gawahi dein to jitni miqdaar woh bataye oose denaa zaruri hai. Aur agar ek a’adil aurat gawahi de to zaruri hai keh jis cheez ka woh mutaleba kar raha ho oos ka chawthha hissa oose diya jaaye aur agar do a’adil auratein gawahi dein to oos ka nisf diya jaaye aur agar teen a’adil auratein gawahi dein to oos ka teen chawthhayee diya jaaye. Neiz agar do kitaabi kafir mard jo zammi hon aur apne mazhab mein a’adil hon oos ke qaul ki tasdeeq Karen to oos suurat mein jabkeh koi musalmaan gawahi den eke liye maujood naa ho to woh shakhs jis cheez ka mutaleba kar raha ho woh oose de deni zaruri hai.

2684. Agar koi shakhs kahe keh main matufi ka wasi hoon taleh oos ke maal ko falan massraf mein le aaoon to oos ka qaul oos suurat mein qabool karna chahiye jabkeh do a’adil mard oos ke qaul ki tasdeeq kare ya do zammi afraad jo apne mazhab mein a’adil hon, gawahi dein jabkeh koi musalmaan gawahi ke liye maujood na ho. Isii tarah agar wirsa qabool kar len to oos ka qaul sabit ho jaayega.

2685. Agar marne wala wasiyat kare keh oos ke maal ki itnii miqdaar falan shakhs ki hogi aur woh shakhs wasiyat ko qabool karne ya rokne se pahle mar jaaye to jab tak oos ke wirsa wasiyat ko radd na kar dein woh oos cheez ko qabool kar sakte hain laikin yeh hukm oos suurat mein hai keh wasiyat karne wala apni wasiyat se manharuf na ho jaaye warna woh (y’ani wasi ke wirsa) oos cheez par koi haq nahin rakhte.