Ghasb ke m’ane yeh hain keh koi shakhs kisi ke maal par ya haq par zulm (aur dhaoons ya dhandli) ke zariye qaabiz ho jaaye aur yeh aisaa kaam hai jo azruye a’qal aur Qur’an wa riwayaat haraam hai. Janaab e Rasool Akram Sallallaho Alaihe wa A’lehi wassallam se riwaayat hai: “ Jo shakhs kisi dusre ki ek balisht zameen ghsab kare qayaamat ke din oos zameen ko oos ke saat tabqob samet tauq ki tarah oos ki garden mein daal diya jayegaa.
2504. Agar koi shakhs logon ko massjid ya madarase ya pul ya dusri aisii jagahon se jo rafa a’am ke liye banayee gayee hon ishteqadana karne de tooos ne oon ka haq ghasb kiya hai. Isii tarah agar koi shakhs massjid mein apne (baithne ke) liye jagah makhtas kare aur dasra koi shakhs oose oos jagah se nikaal de aur oose oos jagah se ishteqada na karne de to woh goonaahgaar hai.
2505. Agar girwi rakhwaane wala aur girwi rakhne wala yeh tay kare keh jo cheez girwi rakhi ja rahi ho woh girwi rakhne waale ya kisi teesre shakhs ke paas rakhi jaaye to girwi rakhwaane wala oos ka qarz adaa karne se pahle oos cheez ko waapas nahin li ho to zaruri hai keh fauran lautaa de.
2506. Jo maal kisi ke paas girwi rakha gaya ho agar koi aur shakhs oose ghasb kar le to maal ka maalik aur girwi rakhne wala dono ghaasib se ghasb ki huyee cheez ka mutaaleba kar sakte hain aur agar woh cheez ghaasib se waapas le le to woh girwi hi rahegi.
2507. Agar insaan koi cheez ghasb kare to zaruri hai keh oos ke maalik ko lauta de aur agar woh cheez zaa’a ho jaaye aur oos ki koi qimat ho to zaruri hai keh oos ka a’uz massla 2518 mein bayaan ki gayee tafseel ke mutaabiq maalik ko de.
2508. Jo cheez ghasb ki gayee ho agar oos se koi nafa’ haasil ho maslan ghasb ki huyee bhed ka bachcha paida ho to woh oos ke maalik ka maal hai neiz misaal ke taur par agar kisi ne koi makaan ghasb kar liya ho to khawah ghaasib oos makaan mein na rahe to zaruri hai keh oos ka kiraya maalik ko de.
2509. Agar koi shakhs bachche ya diwaane se koi cheez jo oos (bachche ya diwaane) ka maalik ho ghasb kare to zaruri hai keh woh cheez oos ke sarparast ko de de aur agar woh cheez talf ho jaaye to zaruri hai keh oos ka a’uz de.
2510. Agar do aadmi mil kar kisi cheez ko ghasb kare chunanche woh dono oos cheez par tasaat rakhte hon to oon mein se har ek oos poori chezz ka zaamin hai. Agarche oon mein se har ek judagana taur par oose ghasb na kar sakta ho.
2511. Agar koi shakhs ghasb ki huyee cheez ko kisi dusri cheez se milaa de. Maslan jo gehoon ghasb ki ho oose jaw se milaa de to agar oon ka juda karma mumkin ho to khawah oos mein zehmat hi kyoon na ho zaruri hai keh oonhein ek dusre se a’laida kare aur (ghasb ki huyee cheez) oos ke maalik ko waapas kar de.
2512. Agar koi shakhs bani huyee talayee cheez maslan sone ki baalion ko ghasb kare aur oos ke ba’d oose pighlaa de to pighlaane se pahle aur pighlaane ke b’ad ki qimat mein jo farq ho zaruri hai keh woh maalik ko adaa kare chunanche agar qimat mein jo farq pada ho wohn a denaa chaahe aur kahe keh main oose pahle ki tarah banaa duoonga to maalik majboor nahin keh oos ki baat qabool kar le. Aur maalik bhi oose makboor nahin kar sakta keh woh oose pahle ki tarah banaa de.
2513. Jis shakhs ne koi cheez ghasb ki ho agar woh oos mein aisii tabdilii kare keh oos cheez ki haalat pahle se behtar ho jaaye maslan jo sonaa ghasb kiya ho oos ke buoonde banaa de to agar maal ka maalik oose kahe keh mujhe maal oosii haalat mein (y’ani buoonde ki shakl mein) do to zaruri hai keh oose de de aur jo zehmat oos ne uuthhayee ho (y’ani buoonde banaane par jo mehnat ki ho) oos ki mazdoori nahin le sakta. Aur isii tarah woh yeh haq nahin rakhta keh maalik ki ijaazat ke baghair oos cheez ko oos ki pahli haalat mein le aaye laikin agar oos ki ijaazat ke baghair oos cheez ko pahle jaisa kar de ya aur kisi shakl mein tabdeel kare to dono haalaton mein qimat ka jo farq hai oos ka zaamin hona m’aloom nahin.
2514. Jis shakhs ne koi cheez ghasb ki ho agar woh oos mein aisii tabdilii kare keh oos cheez ki haalat pahle se behtar ho jaaye aur saahebe maal oose oos cheez ki pahli haalat mein le aaye aur agar tabdilii karne ki wajah se oos cheez ki qimat pahli haalat se kam ho jaaye to zaruri hai keh oos ka farq maalik ko de. Lehaaza agar koi shakhs ghasb kiye huye sone ka haar banaa le aur oos sone ka maalik (oose pahli haalat mein lane ka) kahe to zaruri hai keh oose pahli shakl mein le aaye to agar pighlaane ke b’ad sone ki qimat oos se kam ho jaaye jitnii haar banana se pahle thhi to ghaasib ke liye zaruri hai qimat mein jitnaa farq ho oos ke maalik ko de.
2515. Agar koi shakhs oos zameen mein jo oos ne ghasb ki ho kheti baadi kare ya darakht lagaaye to fasal ki paidaawaar, darakht aur oon ka phal khud oos ka maalik hai aur zameen ka maalik iis baat par raazi na ho keh fasal aur darakht oos ki zameen mein rahen to jis new o zameen ghasb ki ho to zaruri hai keh khawah aisaa karma oos ke liye nuqsaandeh hi kyoon na ho woh fauran apni fasal ya darakhton ko zameen se uukhed le. Neiz zaruri hai keh jitnii muddat fasal aur darakht oos zameen mein rahe hon utnii muddat ka kirayaa zameen ke maalik ko de aur jo kharaabiyaan zameen mein apidaa huyee hon oonhein durust kare. Maslan jahan darakhton ko uukhedne se zameen mein gadhe pad gaye honoos jagah ko hamwaar kare. Aur agar oon kharabiyon ki wajah se zameen ki qimat pahle se kam ho jaaye to zaruri hai keh qimat mein jo farq pade woh bhi adaa kare aur woh zameen ke maalik ko oos baat par majboor nahin kar sakta keh zameen oos ke haathh de ya kiraaye par de de. Neiz zameen ka maalik bhi oose majboor nahin kar sakta keh darakht ya fasal oos ke haathh bech de.
2516. Agar zameen ka maalik iis baat par raazi ho jaaye keh fasal aur darakht oos ki zameen mein rahen to jis shakhs ne zameen ghasb ki ho oos ke liye laazim nahin keh fasal aur darakhton ko uukhede albatta zaruri hai keh jab zameen ghasb ki ho oos vaqt se lekar maalik ke raazi hone tak ki muddat ka kirayaa de.
2517. Jo cheez kisi ne ghasb ki ho agar woh talf ho jaaye to agar woh cheez gaaye aur bhed ki tarah qimii ho to zaruri hai keh ghaasib oos cheez ki qimat adaa kare. (Qimii aisii cheez ko kahte hain keh oos ki missal aisii khasusiyaat ki bina par jo faida haasil karne mein taseer rakhti hai faraawan nahin) aur agar oos vaqt kisi makhsuus haalat aur taqaaze ke tehat oos ki bazaar ki qimat badal gayee ho to zaruri hai keh woh qimat de jo talf hone ke vaqt thhi.
2518. Jo cheez kisi ne ghasb ki ho agar woh talf ho jaaye to agar woh gehoon aur jau ki manid misali ho to zaruri hai keh (ghaasib ne) jo cheez ghasb ki ho oos jaisii cheez maalik ko de. (Misali aisii cheez ko kahte keh oos ki missal aisii khasusiyaat ki bina par jo faida haasil karne mein taseer rakhti hai faraawan hai) laikin jo cheez de zaruri hai keh oos ki qimat apni khasusiyaat mein oos ghasb ki huyee cheez ki qisam ke manid ho jo keh talf ho gayee hai. Maslan agar badhiya qism ka chaawal ghasb kiya thha to ghatiya qism ka nahin de sakta.
2519. Agar ek shakhs (bhed jaisii) koi qimii cheez ghasb kare aur woh talf ho jaaye to agar jitnii muddat woh ghasb karne waale ke paas ho oos muddat mein oos mein aisii khasusiyat paida ho gayee keh oos ki qimat badh gayee ho maslan farba ho gayee ho phir talf ho jaaye to agar yeh farbehi ghaasib ki behtar dekh bhaal se na ho to zaruri hai keh farba hone ke vaqt ki qimat adaa kare. Aur agar oos ki farbehi ghaasib ki behtar dekh bhaal ki wajah se ho to oos farbehi ki qimat denaa laazim nahin hai.
2520. Jo cheez kisi ne ghasb ki ho agar koi aur shakhs wahi cheez oos se ghasb kare aur phir woh talf ho jaaye to maal ka maalik iin dono mein se har ek se oos ka a’uz le sakta hai ya oon dono mein se har ek se oos ke a’uz ki kuchh miqdaar ka mutaaleba kar sakta hai. Lehaaza agar maal ka maalik oos ka a’uz dusre ghaasib se le le to oos ne jo kuchh diya hai oos ka mutaaleba dasra ghaasib pahle ghaasib se nahin kar sakta.
2521. Jis cheez ko bechaa jaaye agar oos mein m’amle ki sharton mein se koi ek maujood na ho maslan jis cheez ki khareed o farokht wazan kar ke karni zaruri ho agar oos ka m’amla baghair wazan kiye kiya jaaye to m’amla baatil hai aur agar bechne wala aur khreedaar m’amle se qata’ nazar iis baat par razaamand hon keh ek dusre ke maal mein tasarruf kare to koi ishkaal nahin hai. Varna jo cheez oonhon ne ek dusre se li ho woh ghasbi maal ki manid hai aur oon ke liye zaruri hai keh ek dusre ki cheezein waapas kar dein aur agar dono mein se jis ke bhi hathhon dusre ka maal talf ho jaaye to khawah oose m’aloom ho ya na ho keh m’amla baatil thha zaruri hai keh oos ka a’uz de.
2522. Jab ek shakhs koi maal kisi bechne waale se iis miqdaar se le keh oose dekhe ya kuchh muddat apne paas rakhe takeh agar pasand aaye to khareed le to agar woh maal talf ho jaaye to masshhoor qaul ki bina par zaruri hai keh oos ka a’uz oos ke maalik ko de.
No comments:
Post a Comment